先进铝化物涂层制备技术进展

铝化物涂层是现役发动机热端部件高温氧化防护的主要手段。未来,高性能铝化物涂层仍是发展先进发动机所必需的技术。传统基于化学气相的制备方法不仅污染环境,腐蚀设备,效率低下,更重要的是难以有效制备高性能铝化物涂层。高效"绿色"化将是先进铝化物涂层制备技术的发展趋势。近年通过利用机械能辅助的策略获得了高效制备铝化物涂层的方法。另外,利用真空物理气相沉积加高温扩散的策略,"绿色"制备高性能铝化物涂层的研究也进展显著。结合上述两种策略,利用真空等离子辐照形成的离子撞击能,可高效、"绿色"地制备铝化物涂层,为高性能铝化物涂层的制备提供了一种新的有效途径。     

基于载体姿态测量的微伺服吊舱

针对微小型无人机光电吊舱对光轴稳定与目标跟踪的需求,研究了一种基于载体姿态测量的光学平台稳定技术.该技术利用吊舱基座上的速率陀螺测量机体三轴姿态运动,通过控制光学平台的俯仰和偏航两通道伺服系统实现对光轴的惯性空间稳定.该系统使用步进电机来当执行机构,根据步进电机的特性,可以推导得到控制量与转速的关系,由此省去了在一般捷联稳定技术中的微分测速环节,得出了一种新的基于前馈控制的不变性原理.设计了解耦指令分配算法,将一个两轴耦合系统,转换为两个独立的单轴系统.在单轴控制中,分别设计了比例控制及比例积分控制算法实现对光轴的稳定控制和跟踪.最后通过在Matlab/Simulink环境下的仿真,以及实际的摇摆台试验,证明了基于载体姿态测量的稳定技术能够实现微小型无人机光电吊舱的光轴稳定.     

多弧离子镀技术及其在高精度仪表中的应用

介绍了多弧离子镀技术,包括其技术原理、技术特点以及主要工艺参数,阐述了多弧离子镀技术在高精度仪表轴承零件表面改性方面的应用和存在的技术问题,对多弧离子镀技术在高精度仪表中的应用前景作出展望.     

基于自然激励技术的颤振边界预测

为了预测紊流激励条件下机翼的颤振边界,基于自然激励技术提取紊流响应的自由衰减信号,采用矩阵束方法识别模态参数,最后通过Z-W(Zimmerman-Weissenburger)方法计算稳定性判据,拟合判据变化曲线并外推颤振边界.对平板机翼模型进行了数值仿真分析,对单独机翼模型风洞颤振试验数据进行了计算.结果表明:采用自然激励技术与矩阵束方法能够较准确地识别紊流激励响应的模态参数,频率识别误差小于6％,阻尼比识别误差小于30％,结合Z-W方法能够在较低风速较早地预测颤振边界,有助于提高试验的安全性.     

Machining of a film-cooling hole in a single-crystal superalloy by high-speed electrochemical discharge drilling

Single-crystal superalloys are typical advanced materials used for manufacturing aeroengine turbine blades. Their unique characteristics of high hardness and strength make them exceedingly difficult to machine. However, a key structure of a turbine blade, the film-cooling hole,needs to be machined in a single-crystal superalloy; such machining is challenging, especially considering the increasing levels of machining efficiency and quality demanded by the aeroengine industry. Tube electrode high-speed electrochemical discharge drilling(TSECDD), a hybrid technique of high-speed electrical discharge drilling and electrochemical machining, provides high machining efficiency and accuracy, as well as eliminating the recast layer. In this study, TSECDD is used to machine a film-cooling hole in a nickel-based single-crystal superalloy(DD6). The Taguchi methods of experiment are used to optimise the machining parameters. Experimental results show that TSECDD can effectively drill the film-cooling hole; the optimum parameters that give the best performance are as follows: pulse duration: 12 ls, pulse interval: 30 ls, peak current:6 A, and salt solution conductivity: 3 m S/cm. Finally, a hole is machined by TSECDD, and the results are compared with those obtained by electrical discharge machining. TSECDD is found to be promising for improving the surface quality and eliminating the recast layer.     

Advances in critical technologies for hypersonic and high-enthalpy wind tunnel

Hypersonic and high-enthalpy wind tunnels and their measurement techniques are the cornerstone of the hypersonic flight era that is a dream for human beings to fly faster, higher and further. The great progress has been achieved during the recent years and their critical technologies are still in an urgent need for further development. There are at least four kinds of hypersonic and high-enthalpy wind tunnels that are widely applied over the world and can be classified according to their operation modes. These wind tunnels are named as air-directly-heated hypersonic wind tunnel, light-gas-heated shock tunnel, free-piston-driven shock tunnel and detonation-driven shock tunnel, respectively. The critical technologies for developing the wind tunnels are introduced in this paper, and their merits and weakness are discussed based on wind tunnel performance evaluation. Measurement techniques especially developed for high-enthalpy flows are a part of the hypersonic wind tunnel technology because the flow is a chemically reacting gas motion and its diagnosis needs specially designed instruments. Three kinds of the measurement techniques considered to be of primary importance are introduced here, including the heat flux sensor, the aerodynamic balance, and optical diagnosis techniques. The techniques are developed usually for conventional wind tunnels, but further improved for hypersonic and high-enthalpy tunnels. The hypersonic ground test facilities have provided us with most of valuable experimental data on high-enthalpy flows and will play a more important role in hypersonic research area in the future. Therefore, several prospects for developing hypersonic and high-enthalpy wind tunnels are presented from our point of view.     

海洋环境下载人航天器电子设备防护技术

海南文昌发射场高温、高湿、高盐雾的气候条件以及由天津到海南长距离的海上运输给航天器电子设备的三防性能带来了挑战。文章首先对运输过程中高湿、盐雾和霉菌对航天器电子设备的影响进行了分析,然后对航天器电子设备的三防工艺及运输技术进行了研究,并提出了具有普遍适用性的三防措施,能够有效降低环境因素带来的不利影响。     

填加造孔剂法制备泡沫铝及其吸能性能

以尿素为造孔剂,采用填加造孔剂法制备泡沫铝,系统研究了成型烧结温度、孔隙率和孔径大小对泡沫铝吸能性能的影响,在此过程中采用电子万能试验机和数字图像相关(DIC)技术同步测试分析。结果表明:填加造孔剂法可以良好的控制泡沫铝的孔隙率和孔径;泡沫铝的最佳成型烧结温度为650℃,在此温度下,泡沫铝的压缩屈服强度达到10.7 MPa;随着孔隙率的降低,泡沫铝的屈服强度和平台应力逐渐提高,材料吸能性能有显著增强;当孔径小于2.0 mm时,随着孔径的增大,材料的吸能性能小幅提高。DIC技术可以直观的表征泡沫材料力学行为,具有良好的工程应用前景。     

国外燃油系统的防弹抗坠毁技术

防弹抗坠毁燃油系统是为了满足武装直升机的使用环境要求,不断得到认可与发展。本文介绍了国外燃油系统的防弹抗坠毁技术要求及其运用与发展。它主要包括油箱、软管、接头,供输油系统的防弹抗坠毁要求及其综合设计技术。探讨了该项技术给予我们的借鉴作用。     

Photolytic behaviour of methane at Lyman-α and 248 nm: Studies in the frame of a simulation program of Titan’s atmosphere (S.E.T.U.P.)

This paper first describes briefly some of the forefront global simulations of Titan’s atmosphere that have been carried out up to now. In these experiments, an initial gaseous mixture of N₂/CH₄ is submitted to a single energy source and the retrieved gas and/or solid phase(s) is/are analyzed by different techniques.